Appeal from the United States District Court for the Middle District of Tennessee at Nashville.
No. 3:18-cr-00347-1—Waverly D. Crenshaw, Jr., District Judge.
Argued: July 20, 2022
Decided and Filed: November 28, 2022
Before: BOGGS, LARSEN, and DAVIS Circuit Judges.
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OPINION
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BOGGS, Circuit Judge. When it passed the PROTECT Act in 2003, Congress required
the United States Sentencing Commission to vary penalties for child-pornography offenses
depending on the number of images involved. The Commission accordingly implemented that
method of calculating penalties in the Sentencing Guidelines.1 Addressing what it perceived to
be an ambiguity in Congress’s command, the Commission added an application note in the
Guidelines commentary instructing courts to equate one video to seventy-five images when
calculating the applicable Guidelines sentencing range.
For almost twenty years, courts have relied on this “75:1 Rule” when sentencing
defendants convicted of possessing videos containing child pornography. Recent Supreme Court
precedent, however, has clarified when courts can defer to an agency’s interpretation of its
regulations (by applying so-called Auer deference). Defendant-Appellant Trinity Phillips argues
that this recent clarification means that a sentencing court can no longer rely on the 75:1 Rule,
and that the court erred in relying on it when imposing his sentence. We disagree and affirm that
sentence as imposed by the district court. |