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UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,
Plaintiff-Appellant,
v.
RONALD LEE JACOBS,
Defendant-Appellee.
   No. 22-3488
Appeal from the United States District Court for the Southern District of Ohio at Columbus.
No. 2:21-cr-00053-1—Algenon L. Marbley, Chief District Judge.
Argued: March 16, 2023
Decided and Filed: March 28, 2023
Before: McKEAGUE, THAPAR, and LARSEN, Circuit Judges.


_________________________
OPINION
_________________________

THAPAR, Circuit Judge. When Ronald Lee Jacobs learned there was a warrant out for his arrest, he voluntarily went to the police station. There, an officer questioned him in a manner consistent with due process, and Jacobs confessed. The district court suppressed his confession. We reverse.



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UNITED STATES OF AMERICA ex rel. SHANNON MARTIN, M.D.; UNITED STATES OF AMERICA ex rel. DOUGLAS MARTIN,
Relators-Appellants,
v.
DARREN HATHAWAY, M.D.; SOUTH MICHIGAN OPHTHALMOLOGY, P.C.; ELLA E. M. BROWN CHARITABLE CIRCLE, dba Oaklawn Hospital,
Defendants-Appellees.
   No. 22-1463
Appeal from the United States District Court
for the Western District of Michigan at Grand Rapids.
No. 1:19-cv-00915—Jane M. Beckering, District Judge.
Argued: March 8, 2023
Decided and Filed: March 28, 2023
Before: SUTTON, Chief Judge; SILER and MATHIS, Circuit Judges.


_________________________
OPINION
_________________________

SUTTON, Chief Judge. The False Claims Act imposes civil liability for “knowingly present[ing], or caus[ing] to be presented, a false or fraudulent claim [to the government] for payment or approval.” 31 U.S.C. § 3729(a)(1)(A). The Act allows individuals with knowledge of false claims to bring private lawsuits, known as qui tam lawsuits, on behalf of the government. Id. § 3730(b). Among other types of false claims, the Act covers claims for “items or services resulting from a violation” of the Anti-Kickback Statute, 42 U.S.C. § 1320a-7b(g), which prohibits medical providers from making referrals “in return for” “remuneration,” id. § 1320a-7b(b)(1)(A). At issue in this case is (1) whether a hospital’s decision not to hire an ophthalmologist in return for a general commitment of continued surgery referrals from another ophthalmologist for patients from the local community counts as the kind of “remuneration” covered by the Anti-Kickback Statute and (2) whether claims from such continued referrals “result[] from” violations of the statute. Id. § 1320a-7b(b)(1), (g). Because we agree with the district court that this kind of claim does not establish a cognizable kickback scheme, we affirm the dismissal of this qui tam complaint.